Sources and assumptions

Djibouti

Disclaimer

This dashboard is for information only and is not investment, financial, legal or regulatory advice. Figures reflect sources available on 10 October 2026. DERCA accepts no liability for decisions based on it. Corrections are welcome: suggest a correction.

Data as of 10 October 2026 · version 2026-10-11.

Assumptions and notes

  1. N1Status partial rests on one interview quote; low confidence.
  2. N2Solar figures are Ember estimates of all solar added in each year (utility-scale, distributed and off-grid together), not distributed solar alone. Ember derives them from Chinese panel export data, assuming 73% of exports are installed about six months after export, adjusted for imports from other countries, re-exports, domestic manufacturing and, where available, official data.
  3. N32026 values are Ember's estimate for the full year. Small-market estimates are uncertain and can swing sharply from year to year.
  4. N4Access rates are World Bank 2024 data (database updated 8 October 2026). People without electricity is a DERCA calculation: (100% − access rate) × 2024 population. It may differ slightly from Tracking SDG7 figures.
  5. N5Firm outages: share of firms reporting electrical outages in the World Bank Enterprise Survey. Survey years differ by country and are shown with each value.
  6. N6Rules reflect a desk review of public sources to 10 October 2026. “None found” means DERCA could not locate a rule in the sources reviewed, not that none exists. Countries reviewed in detail in the full report are marked; others received a shorter scan, with confidence shown per field.
  7. N7CrossBoundary Energy regulatory stages (January 2024, Namibia updated August 2025) are shown only where CrossBoundary assigned one.
  8. N8DERCA does not rank countries. Data are provided for information only, and DERCA accepts no liability for decisions based on them. Corrections are welcome and will be logged.

“None found” means we could not locate a rule in public sources reviewed to 10 October 2026, not that one cannot exist.

Sources

  1. 1Ember (2026). Solar additions by country, Africa, 2023–2026 (MW). Country dataset accompanying "The take-off in African solar that official statistics can't yet see", 26 August 2026. Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0. · Dataset
  2. 2World Bank, World Development Indicators via API: EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, EG.ELC.ACCS.RU.ZS, EG.ELC.ACCS.UR.ZS, SP.POP.TOTL (2024 data; database last updated 8 October 2026; retrieved 10 October 2026). · Dataset
  3. 3World Bank Enterprise Surveys, indicator IC.ELC.OUTG.ZS: firms experiencing electrical outages (% of firms), latest survey year per country (via WDI API, updated 8 October 2026; retrieved 10 October 2026). · Dataset
  4. 4World Bank (2025). Defying Outages: The Struggles and Strategies of Businesses Facing Unreliable Electricity. Global Indicators Brief No. 32, 11 June 2025; World Bank Enterprise Surveys indicator IC.ELC.OUTG.ZS (accessed 10 October 2026). · Cited in the report
  5. 5African Business, "'Djibouti's energy autonomy is a realistic and achievable goal'", 3 Apr 2025 · Desk research
  6. 6Ember (2026). The take-off in African solar that official statistics can't yet see. 26 August 2026. ember-energy.org. Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0. · Cited in the report
  7. 7DG Trésor (France), "Des besoins en production électrique…", 1 Aug 2024 · Desk research
  8. 8DG Trésor, "Les solutions d'électricité hors-réseau", 1 Aug 2024 · Desk research

Ember data © Ember, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. The full report lists all 86 sources.

Photo credits

All photographs show real people and places in Africa. None is stock or AI-generated. CC BY-SA images are shown cropped.

  • Commercial rooftop solar, Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
    Commercial rooftop solar, Rosebank, Johannesburg, South AfricaJolame Chirwa / Unsplash · Unsplash Licence · Source
  • Gordonia substation, Upington, South Africa
    Gordonia substation, Upington, South AfricaGraeme Williams, Media Club / Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 2.0, cropped · Source
  • Johannesburg at dusk
    Johannesburg at duskJoshua Bull / Pexels · Pexels Licence · Source
  • Solar mini-grid, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
    Solar mini-grid, Bayelsa State, NigeriaRupumped / Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped · Source
  • Installer on residential rooftop, Nigeria
    Installer on residential rooftop, NigeriaBenjamin Blessing / Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped · Source
  • Rooftop solar, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
    Rooftop solar, Abeokuta, Ogun State, NigeriaS.aderogba / Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped · Source
  • Distribution transformer, Kafanchan, Kaduna State, Nigeria
    Distribution transformer, Kafanchan, Kaduna State, NigeriaKambai Akau / Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped · Source
  • Battery bank and inverter, Kenya
    Battery bank and inverter, KenyaPowerAfricaSolar / Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped · Source
  • Solar data analyst at work, Kenya
    Solar data analyst at work, KenyaDwalsh3 / Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped · Source
  • Mounting a solar panel, Masewe, Malawi
    Mounting a solar panel, Masewe, MalawiJonStrand / Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped · Source
  • Carrying a solar panel, Malawi
    Carrying a solar panel, MalawiJonStrand / Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped · Source
  • Solar technicians, Ghana
    Solar technicians, GhanaSAgbley / Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped · Source
  • Elizabeth Mukwimba with pay-as-you-go solar, Tanzania
    Elizabeth Mukwimba with pay-as-you-go solar, TanzaniaRussell Watkins/DFID / Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 2.0, cropped · Source
  • Solar retailer, CleanStart Uganda
    Solar retailer, CleanStart UgandaNasque / Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0, cropped · Source
  • Solar irrigation, Far North Region, Cameroon
    Solar irrigation, Far North Region, CameroonHamidou Kaou / Wikimedia Commons · CC0 · Source
  • Farm solar near Manzini, Eswatini
    Farm solar near Manzini, EswatiniKhaya Motsa / Pexels · Pexels Licence · Source

Map: Natural Earth 1:50m admin-0 boundaries (public domain).

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